Does the physical version include a disc?
No. The box contains a digital download code.
Rockstar says physical Standard Edition boxes begin arriving November 12 to support pre-loading.
The evidence
Explicitly stated by an identified primary source.
Rockstar Games SupportGrand Theft Auto VI platforms, editions, and versionsTake-Two InteractiveRockstar Games announces GTA VI pre-ordersRead the full supporting guideWhat would change this answer?
A revised physical-edition policy from Rockstar.